Mechanisms of action of cytoplasmic microRNAs. Part 2. MicroRNA-mediated post-translational silencing

The scientific review presents the mechanisms of action cytoplasmic miRNAs, namely miRNA-mediated posttranslational silencing. To write article, information was searched using Scopus, Web Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka databases. It is stated that protein synthesis a complex process which involved many regulators. known translation consists three main stages: initiation, elongation polypeptide chain and termination. presented dozens “basic” factors numerous accessory proteins, both regulators repressors process, take part in initiation. authors provide kinetic model proposed by Christopher S. Fraser. According to this model, initiation ranked process. emphasized subsequently ribosome interacts with beginning coding nucleotide sequence mRNA. Modifications nucleotides anticodon tRNA regulate dynamics function and, thus, fine-tune rate synthesis. state termination induced interaction decoding A-region one stop codons (UAA, UAG or UGA) “Termination factors” are also translation. Scientists say functional activity mRNA act on cap poly(A)tail, protects from exonuclease action. Thus, various proteins surround molecule cell support existence Each region specific spectrum RNA-binding proteins. inextricably linked degradation. widely believed largely controlled during period. mechanism silencing caused degradation depends size complementary region.